Short-rotation Coppice Willow

Willow (Salix spp.) is adapted to short rotation management. Typically willow species chosen are varieties of the Common Osier or Basket Willow, Salix viminalis. 

Willow, while a tree, exhibits shrubby growth patterns with multiple stems per plant. It is normally planted using cuttings or “whips.” Whips are unrooted cuttings taken from mature willow trees. Harvesting can begin fairly quickly after planting, with the first harvest occurring after three growing seasons. Harvesting is typically done with forage harvesters that are adapted using a special cutting head that produces small chips directly in the field. After harvest, the tree root systems coppice, growing new stems for biomass production. Repeated harvesting can occur for over twenty years before replanting is required. Yields range from 3-5 dry tons per acres per year. Historically, willow has been used for natural windbreaks and snow fencing in northern states. Expanding its uses has generated significant interest in breeding new varieties of willow that can yield much higher quantities of biomass than standard varieties. Some of these trials exhibit yield increases of over 30%!
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